The recent outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has raised serious concerns across India. GBS is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to paralysis, muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, and difficulty in breathing or swallowing.

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The Outbreak in India

As of February 20, 2025, India has reported 211 GBS cases, with death toll to 23 ( source-English Fact Crescendo). Maharashtra, particularly Pune, remains the epicentre, accounting for 19 deaths. Other affected states include Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, each reporting one death.

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Causes of the Outbreak

According to recent studies, the outbreak in Pune and its surrounding regions has been linked to two pathogens:

• Campylobacter jejuni – A bacteria commonly found in contaminated poultry products.
• Norovirus – A virus known for causing gastroenteritis and spreading through contaminated food and water.

How is GBS Triggered?

It is important to note that GBS itself is not caused by a single virus or bacteria. Instead, it occurs when the immune system is triggered by an infection, leading to an attack on the body's own nerves. In this outbreak, contaminated food and water appear to be the primary sources of infection.

Precautionary Measures

Since poultry and water contamination have been identified as key risk factors, experts recommend the following safety measures:

Food Safety Tips:

 Keep raw meat, eggs, milk, and paneer separate fro+m other foods.
 Do not store uncooked meat and ready-to-eat food in the same fridge.
 Wash knives, cutting boards, and hands thoroughly with soap after handling raw meat.
 Cook poultry and meat properly to kill harmful bacteria and viruses.

Water Safety Tips:

 Boil water before drinking or cooking with it.
 Avoid consuming unfiltered or untreated water.
 Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consumption.

Conclusion

While there is no single virus responsible for GBS, it is crucial to remain vigilant about food and water safety. Proper hygiene, cooking practices, and awareness can help reduce the risk of infection and prevent further cases.

Stay informed and stay safe!